Hilton Head Island is more than just a world-class vacation destination, it's a place rich with history. From its early indigenous inhabitants to its role in the Civil War, the island has been shaped by centuries of change. But what makes the history of Hilton Head so fascinating? And why can learning about it enhance your trip?
If you're planning a getaway to Hilton Head Island, you’ll quickly learn discovering its past is the key to fully experiencing its vibrant present. Step back in time as you explore historic sites, learn about the Gullah people, and discover all the ways the historic roots of this land are still alive and well in today’s culture.
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What Is Hilton Head Named After?
In 1663, Captain William Hilton sailed past the island and observed the tall, distant headlands, which he aptly named Hilton’s Head after himself. He noted its fertile land, abundant wildlife, and strategic location along the Port Royal Sound. Despite these advantages, the island still remained largely undeveloped until the late 1600s, when land grants were given to English settlers so they could expand their plantations.
Which County Is Hilton Head Island In?
Hilton Head is part of Beaufort County, South Carolina, an area known for its unique coastal landscapes and deep historical ties. The island’s first recorded European land grant was given in 1698 to John Bayley of Ireland, marking the beginning of its plantation economy.
By the 1700s, Sea Island cotton became one of Hilton Head’s most valuable exports, resulting in it becoming an economic powerhouse in the South. Later, crops like indigo and rice would gain traction as the marshy Lowcountry was made more accessible.
Where Does the Term "Lowcountry" Come From?
The Lowcountry refers to the low-lying coastal regions of South Carolina and Georgia, known for their unique geography and distinct Southern culture. Hilton Head is a prime example of this region’s charm, effortlessly blending historical significance with modern luxuries that keep families coming back year after year.
Largely influenced by the enslaved people working the island's plantations, Lowcountry culture is intimately tied to the Gullah Geechee people and is experienced through their significant contributions that are still evident today.
Who Are the Gullah People?
Enslaved African Americans brought to Hilton Head to work on plantations developed a distinct culture known as Gullah. This unique heritage, blending African traditions with the isolation of the Sea Islands, survives today through language, food, and craftsmanship that you'll find throughout Hilton Head. You can experience Gullah traditions at the Gullah Museum of Hilton Head Island.
Hilton Head’s History from the Revolutionary to Civil War
During the Revolutionary War, Hilton Head saw raids from British troops. However, it played an even bigger role in the Civil War.
What Was the Battle of Port Royal?
On November 7, 1861, Union forces launched an attack on Fort Walker and Fort Beauregard, both Confederate strongholds defending the Port Royal Sound. The battle ended in a decisive Union victory, and Hilton Head became a major base for Union operations.
The Port Royal Experiment
With Hilton Head under Union control, it became a sanctuary for formerly enslaved people. The Port Royal Experiment was one of the first large-scale efforts to help freed African Americans establish independent communities, leading to the creation of Mitchelville, the first self-governing freedmen’s town in the U.S. created by Union General Ormsby Mitchell.
Today, you can visit Mitchelville Freedom Park when you vacation in Hilton Head. This national landmark features walking trails, historical exhibits, and educational programs that highlight the resilience of the Gullah people.
When Was Hilton Head Island Established?
Following the Civil War, Hilton Head remained mostly undeveloped until the mid-20th century. The island’s transformation into a resort destination began with developer Charles Fraser, who envisioned Hilton Head Plantation as a model for sustainable tourism.
In 1956, the first bridge connected the island to the mainland, paving the way for the booming tourism industry that exists today, and in 1983, the town was officially incorporated.
Over the years, the population has seen tremendous growth and is now home to more than 40,000 year-round residents with an estimated 2.5 million visitors each year.
How Big Is Hilton Head Island?
Hilton Head spans 42 square miles, with the north end of the island featuring historic sites and residential communities, while the south end is home to premier resorts, golf courses, and gorgeous beaches.
Who Owns Hilton Head Island?
Hilton Head is a mix of private developments, public lands, and nature preserves. Resorts and residential communities coexist with protected landmarks, ensuring visitors can enjoy ultimate relaxation as they explore the history of Hilton Head.
Experience Hilton Head’s History for Yourself
Featured Property: 186 Mooring Buoy
Exploring Hilton Head’s history is guaranteed to add depth to your visit. Whether you're walking through the ruins of Fort Walker, visiting the Coastal Discovery Museum, or simply soaking in the atmosphere, history is everywhere.
Make the most of your stay by booking a luxury Hilton Head vacation rental with Island Getaway Rentals. Our properties place you near the best historical sites while providing all the modern comforts you need for an unforgettable vacation.
As you plan your upcoming adventures, we invite you to browse our full list of properties and get ready to experience Hilton Head Island’s history firsthand!
Keep your trip planning going as you discover more about Hilton Head’s history and heritage and find fun area events and things to do during your stay.
You can also learn more about Hilton Head by visiting our blog.